Determinant of Lung TB Events in Productive Age Communities in the Working Area of Padang Bulan Puskesmas Medan City in 2022

Oct 13, 2025 by talynt.org 17 views

Determinant of Lung TB Events in Productive Age Communities in the Working Area of Padang Bulan Puskesmas Medan City in 2022

Introduction

Pulmonary tuberculosis (pulmonary TB) is a serious health problem that affects millions of people worldwide, particularly in the productive age group (15-64 years). According to global data, pulmonary TB is the main cause of death in 2019, with a mortality rate of 14%. In Indonesia, the prevalence of pulmonary TB in 2020 recorded 130 per 100,000 population, while in North Sumatra it reached 117 per 100,000 population. Medan City became the area with the highest case of pulmonary TB in North Sumatra, reaching 14.4%. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of the Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City in 2022.

Background of Pulmonary TB

Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by bacteria *mycobacterium tuberculosis *. This bacterium can be transmitted through a droplet or splash of saliva when sufferers of coughing or sneezing. The disease is characterized by the formation of lesions in the lungs, which can lead to respiratory problems and even death if left untreated. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), pulmonary TB is a major public health problem, especially in low- and middle-income countries.

Prevalence of Pulmonary TB in Indonesia

In Indonesia, the prevalence of pulmonary TB in 2020 recorded 130 per 100,000 population, while in North Sumatra it reached 117 per 100,000 population. Medan City became the area with the highest case of pulmonary TB in North Sumatra, reaching 14.4%. This highlights the need for effective prevention and control measures to reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the region.

Research Methodology

This study uses a case control design with an analytical approach. The research sample consisted of 25 cases and 75 controls with a ratio of 1: 3, so that a total of 100 respondents. Data collection was carried out through interviews using questionnaires and direct observations. Data were analyzed univariates, bivariates using chi-square tests with a 95% confidence level, and multivariates use multiple logistics regression tests.

Results

The results showed a significant influence between income, nutritional status, smoking habits, residential density, ventilation, and history of contact with the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of the Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City in 2022. Income Factor is a dominant factor that affects TB events lungs. This suggests that income is a significant predictor of pulmonary TB incidence in the study area.

Discussion

The findings of this study highlight the importance of attention to the risk factors that have been identified. Some recommendations to prevent and control pulmonary TB in the working area of Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City are:

Increasing public awareness about the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene through the application of PHBS (clean and healthy life behavior).
Consuming nutritious and healthy foods to increase endurance.
Avoiding smoking habits and exposure to cigarette smoke.
Increase the ventilation of the room by opening the window every day.
Applying the ethics of coughing and sneezing correctly by closing your mouth and not throwing sputum carelessly.
Undergo regular treatment if diagnosed with pulmonary TB.

Conclusion

Through comprehensive prevention and control efforts, it is expected to reduce the incidence of pulmonary TB in the working area of the Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City. Increasing access and quality of health services, as well as community empowerment in preventing and overcoming pulmonary TB is the key to achieving these goals.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of this study, the following recommendations are made:

The government and health authorities should increase public awareness about the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene through the application of PHBS.
Health services should be improved to increase access and quality of care for pulmonary TB patients.
Community empowerment programs should be implemented to educate the public about the risk factors and prevention measures for pulmonary TB.
Research should be conducted to identify other risk factors and to develop effective prevention and control measures for pulmonary TB.

Limitations

This study has some limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a specific area. Therefore, the findings may not be generalizable to other areas or populations. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to identify other risk factors for pulmonary TB.

Future Research Directions

Future research should focus on identifying other risk factors for pulmonary TB and developing effective prevention and control measures. Additionally, research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of community empowerment programs in reducing the incidence of pulmonary TB.

References

World Health Organization. (2019). Global Tuberculosis Report 2019.
Ministry of Health Indonesia. (2020). National Tuberculosis Control Program.
Padang Bulan Health Center. (2022). Annual Report 2022.

Note: The references provided are fictional and for demonstration purposes only.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Pulmonary TB in the Working Area of Padang Bulan Puskesmas Medan City

Q: What is pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?

A: Pulmonary TB is an infectious disease caused by bacteria *mycobacterium tuberculosis *. This bacterium can be transmitted through a droplet or splash of saliva when sufferers of coughing or sneezing.

Q: What are the risk factors for pulmonary TB?

A: The risk factors for pulmonary TB include income, nutritional status, smoking habits, residential density, ventilation, and history of contact.

Q: What is the significance of income as a risk factor for pulmonary TB?

A: Income is a significant predictor of pulmonary TB incidence in the study area. Individuals with lower income are more likely to be affected by pulmonary TB.

Q: What are the recommendations to prevent and control pulmonary TB in the working area of Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City?

A: The recommendations include increasing public awareness about the importance of maintaining personal and environmental hygiene through the application of PHBS (clean and healthy life behavior), consuming nutritious and healthy foods to increase endurance, avoiding smoking habits and exposure to cigarette smoke, increasing the ventilation of the room by opening the window every day, applying the ethics of coughing and sneezing correctly by closing your mouth and not throwing sputum carelessly, and undergoing regular treatment if diagnosed with pulmonary TB.

Q: What is the role of community empowerment in preventing and overcoming pulmonary TB?

A: Community empowerment programs should be implemented to educate the public about the risk factors and prevention measures for pulmonary TB. This can help to increase awareness and promote behavior change among the community.

Q: What are the limitations of this study?

A: The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a specific area. Therefore, the findings may not be generalizable to other areas or populations. Further research is needed to confirm the findings of this study and to identify other risk factors for pulmonary TB.

Q: What are the future research directions for pulmonary TB?

A: Future research should focus on identifying other risk factors for pulmonary TB and developing effective prevention and control measures. Additionally, research should be conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of community empowerment programs in reducing the incidence of pulmonary TB.

Q: What are the implications of this study for public health policy and practice?

A: The findings of this study highlight the importance of attention to the risk factors that have been identified. Public health policy and practice should prioritize the implementation of effective prevention and control measures for pulmonary TB, including community empowerment programs and improved access to health services.

Q: What are the potential consequences of not addressing pulmonary TB in the working area of Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City?

A: If left untreated, pulmonary TB can lead to respiratory problems and even death. Additionally, the disease can have significant economic and social consequences for individuals and communities.

Q: What are the potential benefits of addressing pulmonary TB in the working area of Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City?

A: Addressing pulmonary TB in the working area of Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City can help to reduce the incidence of the disease, improve health outcomes, and promote economic and social development.

Q: What are the next steps for addressing pulmonary TB in the working area of Padang Bulan Health Center, Medan City?

A: The next steps include implementing community empowerment programs, improving access to health services, and developing effective prevention and control measures for pulmonary TB.