The Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Puguntano Leaves (Curanga Felterrae (Lour) Merr.) Against the Expression of TGF-β1, E-Selectin, Glomerulosclerosis, Intestinal Fibrosis, and Kidney Function in Wistar Strain Rats which are Given Doxorubicin
Introduction
The increasing incidence of cancer has led to the widespread use of Doxorubicin (DXR) as a treatment option. However, the nephrotoxic effects of DXR are a serious concern, highlighting the need for alternative treatments that can mitigate these effects. Puguntano leaves (Curanga Felterrae (Lour) Merr.) , known for their anti-inflammatory properties and nephroprotective potential, have been studied as a potential solution. This article explores the effect of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves on the expression of TGF-β1, E-Selectin, glomerulosclerosis, intestinal fibrosis, and kidney function in Wistar strain rats that are given doxorubicin.
The Problem of Nephrotoxicity in Cancer Treatment
Doxorubicin, a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, has been shown to cause nephrotoxicity, leading to kidney damage and dysfunction. This is a significant concern, as kidney damage can have long-term consequences for patients undergoing cancer treatment. The search for alternative treatments that can mitigate the nephrotoxic effects of DXR is an ongoing area of research .
The Potential of Puguntano Leaves
Puguntano leaves have been traditionally used in folk medicine for their anti-inflammatory and nephroprotective properties. Recent studies have highlighted the potential of puguntano leaves as a nephroprotective agent , making them an attractive option for further research.
Research Objectives
This study aims to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves on the expression of TGF-β1, E-Selectin, glomerulosclerosis, intestinal fibrosis, and kidney function in Wistar strain rats that are given doxorubicin. The study seeks to answer the following research questions :
What is the effect of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves on the expression of TGF-β1 and E-Selectin in Wistar strain rats that are given doxorubicin?
What is the effect of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves on glomerulosclerosis and intestinal fibrosis in Wistar strain rats that are given doxorubicin?
What is the effect of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves on kidney function in Wistar strain rats that are given doxorubicin?
Methodology
This study employed an experimental design with a post-test control group approach. Thirty Wistar strain rats were divided into three groups : a control group without treatment (K1), a treatment group (K2) that was injected with DXR, and a therapeutic group (K3) that was injected with intraperitoneal DXR and given oral ethanol leaf extract. The treatment was carried out once a week for three weeks with a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight per day for puguntano leaf extract. In the fourth week after treatment, all groups were executed with ketamine injection.
Measurement and Analysis
The expression of TGF-β1 and E-Selectin was tested by immunohistochemical techniques using monoclonal antibodies. For histopathological examination of glomerulosclerosis and intestinal fibrosis, Masson’s Trichome staining was used. Routine blood tests and urea and creatinine levels were carried out using immunoturbidimetric and urine dipstick techniques. Data analysis was performed using the ANOVA test.
Results
The results showed that the administration of DXR increased (p value = 0.001) TGF-β1 expression (253.5%± 65.1) and E-Selectin (218.0 ± 70.4), as well as worsening glomerulosclerosis, intestinal fibrosis, proteinuria, urea, and creatinine. In contrast, the administration of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves together with DXR showed a decrease (p value = 0.001) in TGF-β1 expression (180.0±51.0), E-Selectin (172.5±57.98), and improvement in glomerulosclerosis, intestinal fibrosis, proteinuria, urea, and creatinine .
Conclusion
The combination of doxorubicin and ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves can be used as a strategy to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of DXR. This study highlights the importance of further research on the potential of herbal plants as kidney protective agents in cancer therapy .
Benefits for Readers
This article provides in-depth insight into the influence of puguntano leaf extract as a nephroprotective agent. This is important for researchers, medical practitioners, and the wider community, especially for those who are looking for alternative treatments to overcome the side effects of cancer drugs . By understanding this influence and mechanism, it is expected to be developed safer and effective therapy for cancer patients.
Recommendations for Future Research
Based on the findings of this study, further research is recommended to explore the potential of puguntano leaves as a nephroprotective agent in cancer therapy. Studies should focus on the molecular mechanisms underlying the nephroprotective effects of puguntano leaves and the optimal dosage and administration of puguntano leaf extract .
Limitations of the Study
This study has several limitations. The sample size was relatively small, and the study was conducted in a controlled laboratory setting . Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of puguntano leaves in different populations and settings .
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study provides evidence that the combination of doxorubicin and ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves can be used as a strategy to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of DXR. The study highlights the importance of further research on the potential of herbal plants as kidney protective agents in cancer therapy .Q&A: The Effect of Ethanol Extracts of Puguntano Leaves on the Expression of TGF-β1, E-Selectin, Glomerulosclerosis, Intestinal Fibrosis, and Kidney Function in Wistar Strain Rats which are Given Doxorubicin
Q: What is the main objective of this study?
A: The main objective of this study is to investigate the effect of ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves on the expression of TGF-β1, E-Selectin, glomerulosclerosis, intestinal fibrosis, and kidney function in Wistar strain rats that are given doxorubicin.
Q: What is the significance of this study?
A: This study is significant because it provides evidence that the combination of doxorubicin and ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves can be used as a strategy to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of DXR. This is important for researchers, medical practitioners, and the wider community, especially for those who are looking for alternative treatments to overcome the side effects of cancer drugs.
Q: What are the potential benefits of using puguntano leaves as a nephroprotective agent?
A: The potential benefits of using puguntano leaves as a nephroprotective agent include reducing the nephrotoxic effects of DXR, improving kidney function, and reducing the risk of kidney damage and dysfunction.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: The limitations of this study include the relatively small sample size and the controlled laboratory setting. Further studies are needed to confirm the findings of this study and to explore the potential of puguntano leaves in different populations and settings.
Q: What are the potential applications of this study?
A: The potential applications of this study include the development of safer and more effective therapy for cancer patients, the reduction of the risk of kidney damage and dysfunction, and the improvement of kidney function.
Q: What are the next steps for this research?
A: The next steps for this research include further studies to confirm the findings of this study, to explore the potential of puguntano leaves in different populations and settings, and to develop safer and more effective therapy for cancer patients.
Q: What are the potential risks and side effects of using puguntano leaves as a nephroprotective agent?
A: The potential risks and side effects of using puguntano leaves as a nephroprotective agent are not well understood and require further research. However, it is possible that puguntano leaves may interact with other medications or have adverse effects on certain individuals.
Q: How can readers access the full text of this study?
A: The full text of this study is available online through various academic databases and journals. Readers can access the study by searching for the title and authors' names.
Q: What are the implications of this study for the treatment of cancer?
A: The implications of this study for the treatment of cancer are significant. The study provides evidence that the combination of doxorubicin and ethanol extracts of puguntano leaves can be used as a strategy to reduce the nephrotoxic effects of DXR. This has the potential to improve the safety and efficacy of cancer treatment.
Q: What are the potential future directions for this research?
A: The potential future directions for this research include further studies to confirm the findings of this study, to explore the potential of puguntano leaves in different populations and settings, and to develop safer and more effective therapy for cancer patients.