Increase awareness of the importance of prevention and management of diabetes and tuberculosis

Oct 13, 2025 by talynt.org 35 views

Overview of Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Lung Tuberculosis, Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Patients with Lung Tuberculosis, and Healthy Control in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Introduction

Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people worldwide, including in Indonesia. The condition is characterized by high blood sugar levels, insulin resistance, and impaired insulin secretion. In addition to the metabolic complications, people with T2DM are also at increased risk of developing other health problems, including pulmonary tuberculosis (TB). TB is a bacterial infection that affects the lungs and can be fatal if left untreated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with T2DM who also suffer from pulmonary TB (TBDMT2) and compare them with patients with T2DM (DMT2), patients with pulmonary TB (TB), and healthy individuals in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia.

Research Methods

This study used a descriptive analysis method and simple random sampling to collect data from 224 subjects in Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The subjects were divided into four groups: TBDMT2 (42 subjects), DMT2 (60 subjects), TB (31 subjects), and healthy control (91 subjects). The data collected included demographic characteristics (gender, age, body mass index (BMI), level of education, type of work, income), clinical characteristics (history of diabetes mellitus, blood glucose levels), and socioeconomic characteristics (education level, type of work, income).

Research Results

The results of this study show that the majority of the subjects were men (62.50%), with a mean age of 30.80 years. The majority of the subjects had high school education or equivalent (139 people), and most of them worked indoors (83%). The majority of the subjects also had income under the Regional Minimum Wage (UMR) (64.30%). In terms of blood glucose levels, the results show that patients with TBDMT2 had significantly higher glucose levels (345.88 ± 108.76 mg/dl) compared to patients with TB (122.61 ± 26.56 mg/dl), DMT2 (278.92 ± 97.96 mg/dl), and healthy control (105.79 ± 24.95 mg/dl).

Analysis

The results of this study provide important insights into the relationship between T2DM and pulmonary TB. The high blood glucose levels in patients with TBDMT2 and DMT2 have the potential to increase the risk of further complications, not only related to diabetes, but also for infections such as TB. The discovery that most subjects with high school education and earned under the UMR showed a link between socioeconomic and health status. Work that is more commonly done in the room can also indicate a lack of physical activity that can contribute to obesity and other health problems.

Conclusion

Overall, this study shows a clear picture of the characteristics of patients with T2DM who also suffer from pulmonary TB in Medan, North Sumatra. This study highlights the need for better handling for vulnerable groups and the need for more effective public health interventions to prevent and manage these two diseases simultaneously. The results of this study also emphasize the importance of increasing awareness of the importance of prevention and management of diabetes and tuberculosis, especially among vulnerable groups. Health education must be strengthened, especially to increase knowledge about this disease and encourage a healthy lifestyle.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Increase awareness of the importance of prevention and management of diabetes and tuberculosis: Health education must be strengthened, especially to increase knowledge about this disease and encourage a healthy lifestyle.
Improve socioeconomic status: The discovery that most subjects with high school education and earned under the UMR showed a link between socioeconomic and health status. Improving socioeconomic status can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and TB.
Increase physical activity: Work that is more commonly done in the room can also indicate a lack of physical activity that can contribute to obesity and other health problems. Increasing physical activity can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and TB.
Improve access to healthcare: The results of this study highlight the need for better handling for vulnerable groups. Improving access to healthcare can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and TB.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
Cross-sectional design: The study used a cross-sectional design, which may not capture the temporal relationship between T2DM and TB.
Limited data collection: The study only collected data on demographic and clinical characteristics, which may not capture the full range of factors that contribute to the development of T2DM and TB.

Future Directions

Future studies should aim to:

Investigate the temporal relationship between T2DM and TB: Future studies should use a longitudinal design to investigate the temporal relationship between T2DM and TB.
Collect more comprehensive data: Future studies should collect more comprehensive data on demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics to better understand the relationship between T2DM and TB.
Investigate the effectiveness of public health interventions: Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of public health interventions aimed at preventing and managing T2DM and TB.
Q&A: Understanding the Characteristics of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with Lung Tuberculosis

Q: What is the relationship between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and pulmonary tuberculosis (TB)?

A: T2DM and TB are two separate health conditions that can affect the same individual. However, research has shown that people with T2DM are at increased risk of developing TB, and vice versa. The high blood glucose levels associated with T2DM can weaken the immune system, making it easier for TB bacteria to infect the lungs.

Q: What are the characteristics of patients with T2DM who also suffer from pulmonary TB (TBDMT2)?

A: The study found that patients with TBDMT2 are more likely to be men, with a mean age of 30.80 years. They are also more likely to have high school education or equivalent, and to work indoors. Additionally, they are more likely to have income under the Regional Minimum Wage (UMR).

Q: What are the blood glucose levels of patients with TBDMT2 compared to patients with TB, DMT2, and healthy control?

A: The study found that patients with TBDMT2 had significantly higher blood glucose levels (345.88 ± 108.76 mg/dl) compared to patients with TB (122.61 ± 26.56 mg/dl), DMT2 (278.92 ± 97.96 mg/dl), and healthy control (105.79 ± 24.95 mg/dl).

Q: What are the implications of the study's findings?

A: The study's findings highlight the need for better handling for vulnerable groups and the need for more effective public health interventions to prevent and manage these two diseases simultaneously. The results also emphasize the importance of increasing awareness of the importance of prevention and management of diabetes and tuberculosis, especially among vulnerable groups.

Q: What are the recommendations based on the study's findings?

A: Based on the study's findings, the following recommendations are made:

Increase awareness of the importance of prevention and management of diabetes and tuberculosis: Health education must be strengthened, especially to increase knowledge about this disease and encourage a healthy lifestyle.
Improve socioeconomic status: The discovery that most subjects with high school education and earned under the UMR showed a link between socioeconomic and health status. Improving socioeconomic status can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and TB.
Increase physical activity: Work that is more commonly done in the room can also indicate a lack of physical activity that can contribute to obesity and other health problems. Increasing physical activity can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and TB.
Improve access to healthcare: The results of this study highlight the need for better handling for vulnerable groups. Improving access to healthcare can help reduce the risk of developing T2DM and TB.

Q: What are the limitations of the study?

A: The study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
Cross-sectional design: The study used a cross-sectional design, which may not capture the temporal relationship between T2DM and TB.
Limited data collection: The study only collected data on demographic and clinical characteristics, which may not capture the full range of factors that contribute to the development of T2DM and TB.

Q: What are the future directions for research?

A: Future studies should aim to:

Investigate the temporal relationship between T2DM and TB: Future studies should use a longitudinal design to investigate the temporal relationship between T2DM and TB.
Collect more comprehensive data: Future studies should collect more comprehensive data on demographic, clinical, and socioeconomic characteristics to better understand the relationship between T2DM and TB.
Investigate the effectiveness of public health interventions: Future studies should investigate the effectiveness of public health interventions aimed at preventing and managing T2DM and TB.