Joseph Kabila: Nhoroondo Yemutungamiri Akabata Chigaro Munguva Yakaoma yeDRC

Oct 19, 2025 by talynt.org 102 views

Joseph Kabila: Nhoroondo Yemutungamiri Akabata Chigaro Munguva Yakaoma yeDRC

Joseph Kabila akazvarwa muna 1971 muTanzania, mwana wemutongi mukuru Laurent-Désiré Kabila. Hupenyu hwake hwakanga hwakabatana zvisingagone kupatsanurwa nenguva yematambudziko akasimba uye shanduko huru muDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Kusimuka kwake kuchigaro semutungamiri wenyika muna Ndira 2001 kwaive kwezviitiko zvinoshamisa uye zvisingatarisirwi, zvichiitika mushure mekunge baba vake vaurayiwa zvisingatarisirwi. Panguva iyoyo, DRC yaive yakanyura mukati mehondo yechipiri yeCongo, inova yakadanwa kunzi “Africa’s World War” nekuda kwekukura kwayo uye nhamba yenyika dzakabatana. Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, Kabila akava mumwe wevatungamiri vaduku munyika, uye vazhinji vaive vakamutarisa nemaziso akasiyana; vamwe vaimuona semunhu aigona kubatanidza nyika yakaparara, vamwe vaimufungira kuti aingova chigubhu chemasoja akanga amubudisa pachena. Zvisinei, Joseph Kabila akaratidza humwe huchenjeri hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakanga husingatarisirwi kubva kumunhu akakurira mumashure ehondo uye asingazivikanwe zvakanyanya pakutanga kwehunyanzvi hwake hwezvematongerwo enyika. Nguva yake yekutanga muhofisi yakatsanangurwa nekutsvaga rugare uye kugadzikana munyika yakanga yakanganiswa nehondo, danho raiva rakakosha pakuvaka ramangwana reDRC uye kuisa nheyo dzehutongi hutsva. Kunyangwe achitariswa nekusava nechokwadi kwakawanda pakutanga, Joseph Kabila aizosangana nematambudziko akawanda asiwo aizoita zvigadziriso zvakakosha zvaizoita kuti ave nesimba rakawanda mune zvematongerwo enyika muDRC kweanopfuura makore gumi nemasere, achichinja zvakanyanya nzira yematanho enyika.

Kusimuka KwaJoseph Kabila Pazvombo Nezvigaro: Mushandirapamwe Wekubatanidza Nyika

Joseph Kabila akasvika pachigaro chemutungamiri wenyika yeDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) muna Ndira 2001, mushure mekunge baba vake, Laurent-Désiré Kabila, vaurayiwa zvisingatarisirwi. Kusimuka kwake kwaive kwezviitiko zvinoshamisa uye zvakaoma, zvichiitika panguva iyo DRC yaive yakanyura zvakanyanya muhondo yechipiri yeCongo, inova yakadanwa kunzi “Africa’s World War” nekuda kwekukura kwayo uye nhamba yenyika dzakabatana. Pazera remakore makumi maviri nemapfumbamwe, Kabila akava mumwe wevatungamiri vaduku munyika, uye vazhinji vaive vakamutarisa nemaziso akasiyana; vamwe vaimuona semunhu aigona kubatanidza nyika yakaparara, vamwe vaimufungira kuti aingova chigubhu chemasoja akanga amubudisa pachena. Zvisinei, Joseph Kabila akaratidza humwe huchenjeri hwezvematongerwo enyika hwakanga husingatarisirwi kubva kumunhu akakurira mumashure ehondo uye asingazivikanwe zvakanyanya pakutanga kwehunyanzvi hwake hwezvematongerwo enyika. Akabva anyatsobatana nemauto anorwira rugare uye nevamiriri vemhiri kwemakungwa, achiratidza chido chekushandura mamiriro ezvinhu akanga akaoma kwazvo.

Nguva yake yekutanga muhofisi yakatsanangurwa nekutsvaga rugare uye kugadzikana munyika yakanga yakanganiswa nehondo. Akakurumidza kuita nhaurirano dzorugare dzakakonzera kupera kwehondo yechipiri yeCongo, iyo yakasainwa sePretoria Accord muna 2002. Chibvumirano ichi chakaratidza kutanga kwenhengo huru yechinjana munyika. Joseph Kabila akavamba hurumende yemubatanidzwa yakasanganisa mapato ese akanga achirwa, kusanganisira masangano evapanduki. Chinjana ichi chakaona kuvandudzwa kwemauto, kugadzirwa kweParamende nyowani, uye kugadzirwa kwebumbiro remitemo idzva rakagamuchirwa kuburikidza neruongororo rwavanhu vese muna 2005. Izvi zviitiko zvaive zvakakosha pakuvandudza hutongi hweDemocratic Republic of Congo, zvichipa tarisiro yekupedzisira kurugare rusingaperi. Nhengo yeChinjana yakanga yakaoma asi yakabudirira mukugadzira hwaro hutsva hwehutongi hwejekerere, kunyange zvazvo kwaisava nyore kubatanidza mapoka akasiyana-siyana akanga apatsanurwa nehondo kwenguva yakareba. Iyi nguva yakaratidzawo kutanga kwekudyidzana kwakasimba pakati peDRC nenyika dzekunze, dzakatsigira chirongwa cherugare.

Kunze kwezviitiko zvemunyika, Joseph Kabila akashanda nesimba kuvandudza hukama hweDRC nedzimwe nyika dzekunze, kunyanya dzakanga dzabatana muhondo. Akaita zvekudyidzana nedzimwe nyika dzeAfrica uye nenyika dzekuMadokero, achitsvaga rutsigiro rwezvematongerwo enyika nerutsigiro rwemari yekuvakazve nyika yakaparara. Mukuvakwa kwematongerwo enyika, akasarudza kuita sarudzo dzakakwana muna 2006, idzo dzakanga dziri sarudzo dzekutanga dzakasununguka uye dzakanaka muDRC mumakore anopfuura makumi mana. Kunyange zvazvo sarudzo idzi dzakanga dzine matambudziko adzo, Joseph Kabila akabuda akunda pamusoro pemutungamiri wevapanduki waimbove Jean-Pierre Bemba, izvo zvakasimbisa hutongi hwake hwemitemo uye zvakaratidza danho rakakosha munhoroondo yematongerwo enyika yeDRC. Kusvika pachigaro chake kuburikidza nesarudzo kwakamupa simba idzva, richimuita mutungamiri akasarudzwa zviri pamutemo nevanhu, kwete nekusimuka kwemauto chete. Izvi zvakakosha mukusimbisa hutongi hwejekerere munyika yakanga yagara yakazara nemhirizhonga uye nekupa vanhu vekuCongo tariro yekutanga kutsva, zvisinei nekuti kwakanga kuchine matambudziko akawanda aive mberi. Kugona kwake kubuda akunda musarudzo dzakadzama kwakaratidza simba rake rezvematongerwo enyika uye kugona kwake kubatanidza tsigiro, kunyangwe aine vazhinji vaimupikisa.

Hurumende yaKabila: Matambudziko Nemikana Yekuvandudza Nyika

Mushure mekusarudzwa kwake muna 2006, Joseph Kabila akatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akazara nezvimhingamupinyi zvematongerwo enyika, hupfumi, uye magariro evanhu muDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC). Kunyangwe akaita zvakanaka mukupedza hondo nekubatanidza nyika, dambudziko guru raive rekugadzirisa nyika yakanga yaparadzwa nemakore akawanda ehondo uye hutsotsi. Matambudziko aive akawanda, kubva pakuomarara kwezvimhingamupinyi zvehupfumi kusvika kumhirizhonga inoenderera mberi kumabvazuva kwenyika. Hupfumi hweDRC, hunozivikanwa nehupfumi hwayo hwemamineral – kusanganisira cobalt, diamond, goridhe, uye mhangura – hwaive hwaparadzwa nekushaya manejimendi, hutsotsi, uye makakatanwa ezvematongerwo enyika. Pakutanga kwehutungamiri hwake, Kabila akaita zvinhu zvakakosha pakuvandudza hutongi hwezvinhu uye kubatanidzwa kwehupfumi hweDRC munyika dzese. Izvi zvaionekwa sedzira yekuyedza kudzosera chivimbo chevadziyisi vemari vekunze, avo vaive vamanikidzwa kubva munyika nekuda kwemakakatanwa.

Imwe yemikana mikuru yakatarisana naJoseph Kabila yaive yekushandisa hupfumi hwemamineral hweDRC pakuvandudza nyika. Hurumende yake yakasaina zvibvumirano zvakawanda zvekudyidzana nezvimwe makambani ekunze, kunyanya kubva kuChina, kuitira kuti ivandudze zvivakwa zvenyika zvakaita semigwagwa, zvitima, nezviteshi zvemagetsi. Zvisinei, zvibvumirano izvi zvakasanganawo nekushoropodzwa kukuru, nekuti vamwe vaiona sekuti zvaive zvisina kujeka uye zvisina kubatsira zvakakwana vanhu vekuDRC. Vazhinji vaida kuti zvitubu izvi zvishandiswe zviri nani kuitira kubatsira vanhu vese, kwete chete vanhu vashoma vakanamatira muhurumende. Kune rimwe divi, pakanga paine kuedza kudzoreredza dzidzo nehutano, kunyanya mumahofisi akakanganiswa nehondo. Kunyangwe paine zvirongwa izvi, kuperera kwemari, hutsotsi hwaive hwakapararira, uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika zvakadzora kumberi kwekufambira mberi. Dambudziko raive rekuti mari yakawanda kubva kumamineral yakapera musati yasvika kunzvimbo dzaidiwa zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa mararamiro evanhu vazhinji, avo vakanga vachiri kurarama muhurombo hwakanyanya.

Mhirizhonga inoenderera mberi kumabvazuva kweDRC yaive dambudziko risingaperi kune hutongi hwaJoseph Kabila. Mapoka akasiyana-siyana evapanduki, kunyanya M23, FDLR, neADF, akakonzera kutambudzika kukuru kuvanhu, zvichikonzera kutamiswa kwevanhu vakawanda uye kuurayiwa kwevanhu vasina mhosva. Kunyangwe hondo dzakarwiwa uye kuedza kwakaitwa kwedemobilization, mapoka aya akaramba aripo, achikonzeresa kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika neruzhinji. Hutongi hwaKabila hwakashoropodzwa nekushaya simba mukugadzirisa dambudziko iri, uye vamwe vakamupomera mhosva yekushandisa mhirizhonga iyi senzira yekuramba ari pachigaro. Zvisinei, Kabila pachake aishanda pamwe nemasangano epasi rose, kusanganisira United Nations peacekeeping force (MONUSCO), kuitira kuti awedzere rugare nechengetedzo. Dambudziko raive rekuti nyika huru seDRC, ine miganhu yakawanda nenyika dzakasiyana, yaive yakaoma kudzora zvizere. Izvi zvakaita kuti dzimwe nzvimbo dzirambe dzichikanganiswa nehondo nekushaya rugare, zvichiparadza tariro yekuvandudzwa kweDRC. Kunyanya kumabvazuva kwenyika, hupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevanhu hwakanga huchiri kutyisidzirwa, uye kuedza kwerugare kwakanga kuchiwanzo dziviswa nemapato aida kuenderera mberi nemhirizhonga nokuda kwezvikonzero zvavo zvehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika.

Kuchinja Kwematongerwo Enyika uye Kusiya Chigaro: Nguva Yekusagadzikana

Mushure memakore maviri ehurumende yake, Joseph Kabila akasangana nedambudziko guru pazvematongerwo enyika pakanga pasvika nguva yekuti asiye chigaro muna 2016, sezvakataurwa nebumbiro remitemo. Bumbiro remitemo reDRC rairambidza mutungamiri wenyika kubata chigaro kwezvitunhu zvinopfuura zviviri. Sezvo Kabila akanga abata chigaro kubva muna 2001 uye akasarudzwa zviri pamutemo muna 2006 na2011, nguva yake yechipiri yaifanira kupera muna Zvita 2016. Zvisinei, Kabila haana kusiya chigaro, achipa zvikonzero zvekuti sarudzo dzaifanira kuitwa dzakanga dzisina kugadzirira nekuda kwematambudziko ehupfumi nemamiriro ezvinhu asina kugadzikana munyika. Izvi zvakakonzera kusagadzikana kukuru kwezvematongerwo enyika, kuratidzira kukuru, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwakawanda kwemauto ehurumende, izvo zvakaita kuti vashandisi vekodzero dzevanhu, masangano epasi rose, nenyika dzakasiyana-siyana vashoropodze hutongi hwake zvakanyanya. Dambudziko iri rakapotsa rapindura nyika muhondo zvakare, sezvo vanhu vakawanda vakanga vasingagutsikani nekusarudza kwake kuramba ari pachigaro zvisiri pamutemo.

Kudzimara kwesarudzo kwakagadzira dambudziko remitemo uye kwakanyadzisa zvinangwa zvehutongi hwejekerere muDRC. Vatungamiri vemapato anopikisa, kusanganisira Moise Katumbi naJean-Pierre Bemba, vakadzvinyirirwa, vamwe vakatiza nyika, vamwe vakasungwa kana kutorerwa kodzero dzavo dzezvematongerwo enyika. Joseph Kabila akaita zvimwe zvigadziriso zvebumbiro remitemo uye akasaina zvibvumirano zvakanangana nekuswededza mberi sarudzo, asi izvi zvakaratidzika kunge zvichingoitirwa kumupa nguva yekuenderera mberi achitonga. Chechi yeKatorike muDRC, ine simba guru pakati pevanhu, yakaita basa guru mukuedza kubatanidza mapato akasiyana-siyana uye kumanikidza hurumende kuti iite sarudzo. Zvibvumirano zvakaita seSaint Sylvestre Agreement muna Zvita 2016, zvakanyatsoda kuti sarudzo dziitwe muna 2017, asi Kabila haana kuzvitevedzera zvakazara, zvichikonzera kunonotsa kwakare uye kuwedzera kusagadzikana. Kumanikidzwa kubva kumasangano emhiri kwemakungwa uye nyika dzakafanana nedzeWestern dzakawedzerawo, asi Kabila akaramba achiramba kubatana nemitemo yaifanira kumubvisa pachigaro. Nguva iyi yakadzivirira zvikuru kufambira mberi kwehupfumi hweDRC uye yakaisa njodzi paukama hwayo hwekunze.

Mushure mekunonotsa kwakawanda uye kumanikidzwa kukuru kubva kumativi ose, Joseph Kabila akazobvuma kuita sarudzo dzenyika muna Zvita 2018. Zvisinei, akakurumidza kuratidza kuti haazomiriri pachigaro zvakare, asi akatsigira munhu wake waaisarudza, Emmanuel Ramazani Shadary. Sarudzo idzi dzakaratidzwa nekusawirirana kwakawanda, kusanganisira kusashanda kwemuchina wekuvhota, kuratidzira kwemazuva asati avhota, uye kunonotsa kweimwe sarudzo munzvimbo dzine mhirizhonga. Mukupedzira, Felix Tshisekedi, mutungamiri wemamwe mapato anopikisa, akaziviswa semukundi wesarudzo. Kunyangwe paine kunyunyuta kukuru kubva kune mumwe mukwikwidzi, Martin Fayulu, uyo aidavira kuti ndiye akakunda uye kuti sarudzo dzakanga dzapambwa, Kabila akagamuchira mhinduro iyi. Kutamiswa kwesimba kubva kuna Kabila kuna Tshisekedi kwakanga kwakakosha nekuti kwakanga kuri kutanga kwekutamiswa kwesimba murunyararo kubva kune mutungamiri akagara pachigaro kuenda kune mumwe mutungamiri, kubva pakawana DRC rusununguko muna 1960. Kunyangwe akasiya chigaro chemutungamiri, Joseph Kabila akaramba aine simba guru mune zvematongerwo enyika se “Senator for Life,” chinzvimbo chinopiwa kune vaimbova vatungamiri wenyika, achienderera mberi nekukanganisa matongerwo enyika kubva kumashure, izvo zvakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vafungire kuti simba rake rakanga richiripo kusvika padanho rakakura. Izvi zvakaratidza kuchinja kusingatarisirwi munhoroondo yematongerwo enyika yeDRC.

Nhaka yaJoseph Kabila muDRC: Kubva Kuregeredza Kuenda Kudetente

Nhaka yaJoseph Kabila muhupenyu hweDemocratic Republic of Congo (DRC) yakaoma uye ine zvakasiyana-siyana, ichionekwa nerumbidzo nekushoropodzwa. Pazera remakore 29, akatora nyika yakanga yakanyura muhondo inoparadza, uye kubudirira kwake kukuru pakutanga kwaive kwekuunza rugare mushure mekukakavara kwechipiri cheCongo. Izvi zvakaita kuti vanhu vazhinji vamurumbidze nekuda kwekuedza kwake kubatanidza nyika uye kuvaka nzira yekubuda muhondo. Kabila akaona kugadzirwa kweBumbiro reMitemo idzva uye sarudzo dzekutanga dzakasununguka kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana, izvo zvakanyatsoisa hwaro hwehutongi hwejekerere, kunyange zvazvo hwaive hunenge husina kusimba. Pamusoro pezvo, pasi pehutungamiri hwake, DRC yakaona kuedza kwekuvandudza zvivakwa, kunyanya kuburikidza nekudyidzana neChina, izvo zvakakonzera kuvakwa kwemigwagwa mitsva nezvimwe zvivakwa zvakakosha kuhupfumi. Aya mapurojekiti akagadzira mikana mitsva yekushanda uye akavandudza kuwanika kwebasa, kunyange zvazvo pasina kubudirira kwakazara mukubvisa hurombo hwakadzika.

Kune rimwe divi, hutongi hwaJoseph Kabila hwakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekuda kwekupararira kwe hutsotsi, kushomeka kwebasa rehurumende, uye kuramba kuri pachena kwekodzero dzevanhu. Kunyanya mumakore ake ekupedzisira, kumanikidzwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, kudzimara kwesarudzo, uye kudzvinyirirwa kwevanopikisa zvakakanganisa zvakanyanya chiremerera chake uye chiremerera chehutongi hwejekerere muDRC. Kunyange hazvo DRC ichigara ichizivikanwa nehupfumi hwayo hwemamineral, vanhu vazhinji vekuCongo vakatoramba vachitambura murombo, uye kushaya basa kwaive kwakakura. Mashiripiti ekugovana mari kubva kuhupfumi hwemamineral haana kusvika kune vanhu vazhinji, zvichikonzera kusawirirana kukuru pakati pevane hupfumi nevarombo. Izvi zvakawedzera matambudziko enyika uye zvakapa hwaro hwekuti pave nekusagutsikana kwevanhu, zvichikonzera kuratidzira kwakawanda uye kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika. Hurombo hwakadzika-dzika hwakagara huri dambudziko guru, uye kunyange zvazvo Kabila akaita zvimwe zvigadziriso, hazvina kukwana kusimudza vanhu vazhinji kubva muhurombo.

Hutongi hwaJoseph Kabila hwakasiyawo nhaka yezvinetso zvekunze. Nyika dzakawanda dzakatarisana nekukakavadzana naye nekuda kwenhanho yake yekunonotsa sarudzo, izvo zvakakonzera kuiswa kwezvirango pane vamwe vashandi vehurumende yake. Kunyange zvazvo akazobvuma kutamiswa kwesimba kurunyararo kuna Felix Tshisekedi muna 2019 – danho rakakosha munhoroondo yeDRC – akachengetedza simba rakakura sezvo akava “Senator for Life” uye aive nechikamu chesimba reparamende. Izvi zvakaita kuti dzimwe pfungwa dzinoti kunyange akasiya chigaro chemutungamiri, Joseph Kabila akaramba ari simba guru kuseri kwezviitiko, achikanganisa matongerwo enyika kubva kumashure. Nhaka yake saka ndeye munhu akaita zvinhu zvinorumbidzwa zvekubatanidza nyika nekuunza rugare, asi akazotambudzwawo nezvinonyadzisa zveutsotsi, kudzvinyirirwa kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kutadza kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vazhinji vekuCongo. Kugona kwake kuchengetedza simba mushure mekusiya chigaro kwakaratidza humwe huchenjeri hwake hwezvematongerwo enyika, asiwo kwakapa mubvunzo pamusoro pehutongi hwejekerere hwechokwadi munyika. Zvakadaro, kutamiswa kwesimba kurunyararo kwaive danho rakakosha reDRC, richipa tariro yekuti nyika yakanga yave kukwanisa kubata zvakanyanya matambudziko ayo ezvematongerwo enyika nekubudirira.

Mhedziso

Mugore ra2021, Joseph Kabila akazivisa kusiya kwake kubva mubato rake, People’s Party for Reconstruction and Democracy (PPRD), zvichiratidza kuti aimbove mutungamiri uyu ari kuedza kudzorera mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwo enyika muDRC. Chiito ichi chakawedzera pfungwa dzekuti anogona kunge achigadzirira kudzoka mune zvematongerwo enyika munguva iri kuuya, kana kuti achangova achiedza kuumba mamiriro matsva ekuenderera mberi nekukanganisa matongerwo enyika munyika. Kunyangwe paine kushoropodzwa kwaakaitwa, hapana anogona kuramba kuti Joseph Kabila akasiya chibvumirano chisingakanganwiki paDRC, chichionekwa nezvose zvakanaka nezvakaipa zvehutungamiri hwake. Nhaka yake icharamba ichikurukurwa munhoroondo yeDRC, senzvimbo yakakosha yekuchinja, matambudziko, uye pamwe netariro yeramangwana. Hupenyu hwake hwakaratidza kunetseka kwekuvaka nyika kubva mumatongo ehondo, uye kunyangwe zvipingamupinyi zvose, akakwanisa kusiya chigaro nerunyararo, izvo zvakashanda semuenzaniso kune zvizvarwa zvichauya. Nharaunda yezvematongerwo enyika yeDRC icharamba ichiona kukanganisa kwake kwenguva yakareba, sezvo Joseph Kabila acharamba ari mumwe wevatungamiri vanonyanya kukosha uye vanokakavadzana munhoroondo yenyika.