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Oct 13, 2025 by talynt.org 109 views

Characteristics of People with Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever inpatient at the Muhammadiyah General Hospital in North Sumatra in 2015-2016

Introduction

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a significant health concern in Indonesia, with a high incidence rate and case fatality rate. The Indonesian Ministry of Health has been working to address this issue, but more research is needed to understand the characteristics of DHF sufferers and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies. This study aims to analyze the characteristics of DHF patients who were hospitalized in the Muhammadiyah Hospital in North Sumatra during 2015 to 2016.

Background

DHF is a severe form of dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The disease is characterized by severe bleeding, low platelet count, and low blood pressure. According to the Indonesian Ministry of Health, the incidence rate of DHF in 2015 was 50.75 per 100,000 population, with a case fatality rate of 0.83%. This figure increased to 77.96 per 100,000 population in 2016, with a slightly decreased case fatality rate of 0.79%. These numbers highlight the need for effective prevention and treatment strategies to address this public health concern.

Methodology

This study used a descriptive case series design, involving all data on patients with DHF recorded at the Muhammadiyah Hospital in North Sumatra during 2015 to 2016. A total of 113 patients were included in the study. The analysis method used was the Chi-Square and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test to examine the distribution of proportions and identify any significant differences between groups.

Results

The results of the study showed that the highest sociodemographic proportion of DHF patients came from the age group 6-11 years (24.8%), with the majority of patients being men (56.6%) and Muslim (92.0%). Most patients did not attend school (53%), while others were students or students (37.2%). All patients experienced fever (100%), while 83.2% showed signs of platelet. The low percentage of hematocrit was found in 56.3% of male patients and 53.1% of female patients. Most patients had a degree of disease I (54.0%), with 79.6% of patients using general costs for treatment. The average length of treatment in hospitals was 4 days, and the healing rate reached 91.2%.

Statistical Analysis

The statistical analysis showed that there were no significant differences in the distribution of proportions based on age to the sex of DHF patients (p = 0.736), age based on the degree of disease (p = 0.188), as well as the average length of treatment based on the number of platelets (p = 0.217). However, there was a significant difference between gender based on the degree of disease (p = 0.035), which showed that there was a tendency for differences in the severity of the disease between men and women.

Conclusion

This study provides a deeper understanding of the characteristics of DHF sufferers, which can inform efforts to prevent and handle this disease. The results of the study highlight the need for effective prevention strategies, particularly in protecting children from Aedes Aegypti mosquito bites. Parents play an important role in maintaining the cleanliness of the home environment and ensuring the protection of children from mosquito bites. Steps such as maintaining environmental cleanliness, getting rid of standing water, and using mosquito repellent can help reduce the risk of spreading DHF.

Recommendations

Based on the results of this study, the following recommendations are made:

Prevention is key: Prevention must be a priority, especially to protect children from Aedes Aegypti mosquito bites.
Maintain environmental cleanliness: Parents and caregivers must maintain the cleanliness of the home environment and ensure the protection of children from mosquito bites.
Use mosquito repellent: Using mosquito repellent can help reduce the risk of spreading DHF.
Develop effective treatment strategies: Efforts to develop effective treatment strategies for DHF must be continued, particularly in addressing the severity of the disease between men and women.
Increase awareness: Increasing awareness about DHF and its prevention is essential to address this public health concern.

Limitations

This study has several limitations, including:

Small sample size: The sample size of this study was relatively small, which may limit the generalizability of the results.
Limited data: The data used in this study were limited to patients who were hospitalized in the Muhammadiyah Hospital in North Sumatra during 2015 to 2016.
No control group: This study did not include a control group, which may limit the ability to draw conclusions about the effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies.

Future Research Directions

Future research directions include:

Large-scale studies: Conducting large-scale studies to examine the characteristics of DHF sufferers and develop effective prevention and treatment strategies.
Longitudinal studies: Conducting longitudinal studies to examine the progression of DHF and the effectiveness of prevention and treatment strategies.
Comparative studies: Conducting comparative studies to examine the differences in the severity of the disease between men and women.

Conclusion

In conclusion, this study provides a deeper understanding of the characteristics of DHF sufferers, which can inform efforts to prevent and handle this disease. The results of the study highlight the need for effective prevention strategies, particularly in protecting children from Aedes Aegypti mosquito bites. Parents play an important role in maintaining the cleanliness of the home environment and ensuring the protection of children from mosquito bites. Steps such as maintaining environmental cleanliness, getting rid of standing water, and using mosquito repellent can help reduce the risk of spreading DHF.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) about Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)

Q: What is Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF)?

A: Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) is a severe form of dengue fever, caused by the dengue virus, which is transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito. The disease is characterized by severe bleeding, low platelet count, and low blood pressure.

Q: What are the symptoms of DHF?

A: The symptoms of DHF include:

Severe fever
Severe bleeding
Low platelet count
Low blood pressure
Abdominal pain
Vomiting
Diarrhea
Headache
Muscle and joint pain

Q: Who is at risk of developing DHF?

A: Anyone who is bitten by an infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito is at risk of developing DHF. However, children and young adults are more susceptible to the disease.

Q: What are the risk factors for DHF?

A: The risk factors for DHF include:

Age: Children and young adults are more susceptible to the disease.
Sex: Males are more susceptible to the disease than females.
Geographic location: Areas with high mosquito populations and poor sanitation are at higher risk.
Previous dengue infection: People who have had a previous dengue infection are at higher risk of developing DHF.

Q: How is DHF diagnosed?

A: DHF is diagnosed based on the patient's symptoms, medical history, and laboratory tests, including:

Complete blood count (CBC)
Platelet count
Blood chemistry tests
Imaging studies (e.g., X-rays, CT scans)

Q: What is the treatment for DHF?

A: The treatment for DHF includes:

Rest and hydration
Pain management
Blood transfusions
Platelet transfusions
Medications to manage bleeding and low blood pressure
Hospitalization in severe cases

Q: Can DHF be prevented?

A: Yes, DHF can be prevented by:

Avoiding mosquito bites
Using insect repellents
Wearing protective clothing
Eliminating standing water around the home
Using mosquito nets
Getting vaccinated against dengue fever

Q: What is the prognosis for DHF?

A: The prognosis for DHF is generally good if treated promptly and properly. However, in severe cases, DHF can be life-threatening.

Q: How can I reduce my risk of developing DHF?

A: You can reduce your risk of developing DHF by:

Avoiding mosquito bites
Using insect repellents
Wearing protective clothing
Eliminating standing water around the home
Using mosquito nets
Getting vaccinated against dengue fever

Q: What should I do if I suspect I have DHF?

A: If you suspect you have DHF, you should:

Seek medical attention immediately
Provide your medical history and symptoms to your healthcare provider
Follow your healthcare provider's instructions for treatment and care

Q: Can DHF be transmitted through other means?

A: No, DHF can only be transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito.

Q: Is DHF a contagious disease?

A: No, DHF is not a contagious disease. It can only be transmitted through the bite of an infected mosquito.

Q: Can I get DHF from a mosquito that has bitten someone else?

A: Yes, you can get DHF from a mosquito that has bitten someone else if the mosquito is infected with the dengue virus.

Q: Can I get DHF from a mosquito that has bitten an animal?

A: No, you cannot get DHF from a mosquito that has bitten an animal. The dengue virus can only be transmitted through the bite of an infected Aedes Aegypti mosquito that has bitten a human.