The Problem with Serde and Boxed Trait Objects

Oct 13, 2025 by talynt.org 115 views

Introduction

In the world of Rust programming, trait objects are a powerful tool for achieving polymorphism and generic programming. However, when it comes to serializing and deserializing these objects using the popular Serde library, things can get complicated. In this article, we'll delve into the challenges of using Serde with boxed trait objects and explore the available solutions.

The Problem with Serde and Boxed Trait Objects

Serde is a widely-used library for serializing and deserializing Rust data structures. However, when it comes to boxed trait objects, Serde has some limitations. Specifically, it doesn't support serialization and deserialization of the following types:

Box<dyn Interpolator<T>>
Box<dyn Strategy1D<D>>
Box<dyn Strategy2D<D>>
Box<dyn Strategy3D<D>>
Box<dyn StrategyND<D>>

These types are all trait objects that are boxed in a Box instance. The problem is that Serde doesn't know how to serialize and deserialize the underlying trait object, which is a generic type.

Statically Dispatched Types: A Special Case

However, there is a special case where Serde works fine with boxed trait objects. If the trait object is statically dispatched, meaning that the type is known at compile-time, then Serde can serialize and deserialize it without any issues. This is because the type is known at compile-time, so Serde can generate the necessary code to serialize and deserialize it.

The Challenge of Propagating Generics

One of the main challenges of using Serde with boxed trait objects is propagating generics. When you have a trait object that is generic, such as Box<dyn Interpolator<T>>, you need to propagate the generic type T to the enum that contains the variant. However, this can be prohibitively unergonomic, especially when dealing with high-dimensional strategies.

For example, if you have a strategy that takes four dimensions, you would need to propagate the generic type D to the enum, like this:

enum Strategy {
    Strategy1D<D>,
    Strategy2D<D>,
    Strategy3D<D>,
    Strategy4D<D>,
}

This can be a lot of boilerplate code, especially when dealing with high-dimensional strategies.

Using dtolnay's typetag Crate

One possible solution to this problem is to use dtolnay's typetag crate. This crate provides a way to tag types with metadata, which can be used to serialize and deserialize them. However, there is a catch: deserialization of generic traits is not yet supported.

Here is an example of how you might use typetag to serialize and deserialize a trait object:

use typetag::serde;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Interpolator {
    #[serde(tag = "type")]
    strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>,
}

impl Interpolator {
    fn new(strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>) -> Self {
        Interpolator { strategy }
    }
}

However, as mentioned earlier, deserialization of generic traits is not yet supported, so this approach is not yet viable.

Using serde_traitobject Crate

Another possible solution is to use the serde_traitobject crate, which is a custom implementation of Serde that supports serialization and deserialization of trait objects. However, this crate requires the nightly version of Rust, which may not be desirable for all users.

Here is an example of how you might use serde_traitobject to serialize and deserialize a trait object:

use serde_traitobject::Serialize, Deserialize;

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Interpolator {
    #[serde(tag = "type")]
    strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>,
}

impl Interpolator {
    fn new(strategy: Box<dyn Strategy>) -> Self {
        Interpolator { strategy }
    }
}

Conclusion

In conclusion, using Serde with boxed trait objects can be challenging due to the limitations of the library. However, there are some possible solutions available, such as using typetag or serde_traitobject. While these solutions are not yet perfect, they may be viable options for users who need to serialize and deserialize trait objects.

Future Work

One area of future work is to improve the support for serialization and deserialization of trait objects in Serde. This could involve adding support for deserialization of generic traits or improving the performance of serialization and deserialization.

Another area of future work is to improve the ergonomics of using trait objects in Rust. This could involve adding more features to the typetag crate or improving the support for propagating generics in trait objects.

References

dtolnay's typetag crate: https://github.com/dtolnay/typetag
serde_traitobject crate: https://github.com/alecmocatta/serde_traitobject

Appendix

Here is an example of how you might use Serde with a statically dispatched type:

use serde::{Serialize, Deserialize};

#[derive(Serialize, Deserialize)]
struct Interpolator {
    #[serde(tag = "type")]
    strategy: InterpolatorStrategy,
}

impl Interpolator {
    fn new(strategy: InterpolatorStrategy) -> Self {
        Interpolator { strategy }
    }
}

enum InterpolatorStrategy {
    Strategy1D,
    Strategy2D,
    Strategy3D,
    Strategy4D,
}

Introduction

In our previous article, we explored the challenges of using Serde with boxed trait objects. We discussed the limitations of the library and some possible solutions, such as using typetag or serde_traitobject. In this article, we'll answer some frequently asked questions about using Serde with boxed trait objects.

Q: What are the limitations of Serde with boxed trait objects?

A: The main limitation of Serde with boxed trait objects is that it doesn't support serialization and deserialization of generic traits. This means that you can't use Serde to serialize and deserialize trait objects that are generic, such as Box<dyn Interpolator<T>>.

Q: Why doesn't Serde support serialization and deserialization of generic traits?

A: The reason Serde doesn't support serialization and deserialization of generic traits is that it's a complex problem. Generic traits can have multiple types, and Serde needs to know how to serialize and deserialize each type. Currently, Serde doesn't have a way to do this.

Q: What are some possible solutions to this problem?

A: There are a few possible solutions to this problem. One is to use typetag, which is a crate that provides a way to tag types with metadata. Another is to use serde_traitobject, which is a custom implementation of Serde that supports serialization and deserialization of trait objects.

Q: What are the pros and cons of using `typetag`?

A: The pros of using typetag are that it's a simple and easy-to-use solution. It also provides a way to tag types with metadata, which can be useful for other purposes. However, the cons are that it doesn't support deserialization of generic traits, and it requires you to use a custom implementation of Serde.

Q: What are the pros and cons of using `serde_traitobject`?

A: The pros of using serde_traitobject are that it provides a way to serialize and deserialize trait objects, including generic traits. It also supports deserialization of generic traits, which is a major advantage. However, the cons are that it requires the nightly version of Rust, and it's a custom implementation of Serde, which may not be compatible with all versions of Serde.

Q: Can I use Serde with statically dispatched types?

A: Yes, you can use Serde with statically dispatched types. In fact, Serde works fine with statically dispatched types, as long as the type is known at compile-time.

Q: What are some best practices for using Serde with boxed trait objects?

A: Here are some best practices for using Serde with boxed trait objects:

Use typetag or serde_traitobject to serialize and deserialize trait objects.
Make sure to use the correct version of Serde and the correct crate.
Use statically dispatched types whenever possible.
Avoid using generic traits unless absolutely necessary.

Q: What are some common mistakes to avoid when using Serde with boxed trait objects?

A: Here are some common mistakes to avoid when using Serde with boxed trait objects:

Not using typetag or serde_traitobject to serialize and deserialize trait objects.
Using the wrong version of Serde or the wrong crate.
Using generic traits without properly serializing and deserializing them.
Not using statically dispatched types when possible.

Conclusion

In conclusion, using Serde with boxed trait objects can be challenging due to the limitations of the library. However, there are some possible solutions available, such as using typetag or serde_traitobject. By following best practices and avoiding common mistakes, you can successfully use Serde with boxed trait objects.

References

dtolnay's typetag crate: https://github.com/dtolnay/typetag
serde_traitobject crate: https://github.com/alecmocatta/serde_traitobject
Serde documentation: https://serde.rs/