The Relationship Between Triceps Skinfold Thickness and Phase Angle Measured by Bioimpedance Analysis as Predictions of Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Regular Hemodialysis
Introduction
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing health concern worldwide, affecting millions of people. Patients with CKD often require regular hemodialysis, a treatment that can significantly impact their quality of life. One of the major challenges in managing CKD patients is malnutrition, which can lead to increased morbidity and mortality. Malnutrition in CKD patients is a common health problem that can be assessed using various methods, including the measurement of triceps skinfold thickness (TST) and phase angle (PHA) using bioimpedance analysis (BIA).
Background
Malnutrition is a significant concern in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. It can lead to a range of complications, including muscle wasting, weakness, and increased risk of infections. Assessing nutritional status is crucial in CKD patients to prevent malnutrition and its associated complications. TST is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for assessing nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. It measures the thickness of the skin folds in the triceps area, which can indicate muscle mass and nutritional status.
Phase Angle Measurement Using Bioimpedance Analysis
In addition to TST, phase angle measurement using BIA is a modern technique that is widely used to estimate body composition, nutritional status, and mortality in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. Phase angle is a valuable indicator of nutritional status that can predict mortality in CKD patients. BIA measures the resistance and reactance of the body to an electrical current, which can indicate body composition and nutritional status.
Research Purpose
This study aims to determine the relationship between TST and PHA value measured by BIA in patients with CKD undergoing regular hemodialysis. The primary objective of this study is to explore the relationship between TST and PHA and its impact on CKD patient mortality predictions.
Research Methods
This study was conducted using an analytic cross-sectional design involving 52 CKD patients who underwent hemodialysis twice a week. Nutritional status assessment was carried out through TST measurement, and the PHA value was measured using a BIA device after the hemodialysis session was complete.
Research Results
Of the total patients studied, it was found that 10 people (19.2%) experienced malnutrition. The analysis shows a significant relationship between TST and PHA with a correlation value of R = 0.557 and P < 0.001. In addition, the results show a significant relationship between malnutrition groups with a percentage of fat-free mass (%FFM), body fat (FM), and the percentage of body fat (%FM).
Conclusion
Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that the thickness of the triceps skin folds (TST) functions as a predictor of mortality in patients with CKD undergoing regular hemodialysis. Considering that nutritional status has a direct impact on the PHA value and increases the risk of mortality, the application of TST measurements is routinely expected to help in reducing the level of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients.
Additional Analysis
This study provides a deep insight into the importance of assessing nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. Triceps skin folds and phase angle are valuable indicators not only to determine nutritional status but also to predict the risk of mortality. One challenge in the management of CKD patients is to identify and overcome malnutrition, which is often ignored. With a simple and effective method such as TST and BIA, medical personnel can be more proactive in dealing with this problem.
Implications for Practice
It is essential for hospitals and hemodialysis clinics to apply this measurement as part of a routine protocol. In addition, education to patients about the importance of good nutrition is also a vital step. With an integrated approach between monitoring nutritional status and medical management, it is hoped that better results can be created for patients undergoing hemodialysis.
Future Directions
Further understanding of the relationship between TST, PHA, and mortality will help in developing more effective prevention strategies, with the main aim of improving the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with CKD.
Limitations of the Study
This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between TST, PHA, and mortality in CKD patients.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this study highlights the importance of assessing nutritional status in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. The thickness of the triceps skin folds (TST) and phase angle measurement using BIA are valuable indicators of nutritional status and mortality risk. The application of TST measurements is expected to help in reducing the level of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients. Further research is needed to explore the relationship between TST, PHA, and mortality in CKD patients.Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) About the Relationship Between Triceps Skinfold Thickness and Phase Angle Measured by Bioimpedance Analysis as Predictions of Mortality in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients with Regular Hemodialysis
Q: What is the significance of triceps skinfold thickness (TST) in assessing nutritional status in CKD patients?
A: TST is a simple, inexpensive, and effective method for assessing nutritional status in hemodialysis patients. It measures the thickness of the skin folds in the triceps area, which can indicate muscle mass and nutritional status.
Q: What is phase angle measurement using bioimpedance analysis (BIA)?
A: Phase angle measurement using BIA is a modern technique that is widely used to estimate body composition, nutritional status, and mortality in CKD patients undergoing regular hemodialysis. It measures the resistance and reactance of the body to an electrical current, which can indicate body composition and nutritional status.
Q: What is the relationship between TST and PHA in CKD patients?
A: The analysis shows a significant relationship between TST and PHA with a correlation value of R = 0.557 and P < 0.001. This suggests that TST and PHA are valuable indicators of nutritional status and mortality risk in CKD patients.
Q: How can TST measurements help in reducing the level of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients?
A: The application of TST measurements is expected to help in reducing the level of morbidity and mortality in CKD patients by identifying and overcoming malnutrition, which is often ignored.
Q: What are the implications of this study for practice?
A: It is essential for hospitals and hemodialysis clinics to apply this measurement as part of a routine protocol. In addition, education to patients about the importance of good nutrition is also a vital step.
Q: What are the limitations of this study?
A: This study has several limitations, including the small sample size and the cross-sectional design. Future studies should aim to recruit a larger sample size and use a longitudinal design to explore the relationship between TST, PHA, and mortality in CKD patients.
Q: What are the future directions for research in this area?
A: Further understanding of the relationship between TST, PHA, and mortality will help in developing more effective prevention strategies, with the main aim of improving the quality of life and life expectancy of patients with CKD.
Q: Can TST measurements be used as a predictor of mortality in CKD patients?
A: Yes, the thickness of the triceps skin folds (TST) functions as a predictor of mortality in patients with CKD undergoing regular hemodialysis.
Q: What is the importance of assessing nutritional status in CKD patients?
A: Assessing nutritional status is crucial in CKD patients to prevent malnutrition and its associated complications, such as muscle wasting, weakness, and increased risk of infections.
Q: Can phase angle measurement using BIA be used as a predictor of mortality in CKD patients?
A: Yes, phase angle measurement using BIA is a valuable indicator of nutritional status and mortality risk in CKD patients.
Q: What are the benefits of using TST and BIA measurements in CKD patients?
A: The benefits of using TST and BIA measurements in CKD patients include identifying and overcoming malnutrition, reducing the level of morbidity and mortality, and improving the quality of life and life expectancy.